The Effects Of Religious Stereotyping And Prejudice On Teens

The Effects of Religious Stereotyping and Prejudice on Teens All Muslims are terrorists, Jews are greedy bankers, and America is a Christian country. These are just a few of the many stereotypes that cause negative perceptions toward minority religious groups. Every day, religious groups across America experience some form of discrimination because of these stereotypes about their beliefs. Hate crimes and discrimination are on the rise; there have been 31% more hate crimes in 2017 than at this time last year. Teenagers in our society are victims of false religious stereotypes, but so are those who accept and perpetrate these stereotypes. Historically in the United States, stereotyping and prejudice has been a widespread tradition. There†¦show more content†¦Across our country today, discrimination is evident in hate crimes and protests, even more so after the 2016 Presidential election. The events of Charlottesville, VA. represent one of the many examples of religious hatred and divisions. When white supremacists shouted â€Å"the Jewish oligarchs and the capitalists and the bankers want to enslave the entire world† they were referring to old, ugly stereotypes (Times). These white supremacists are still cling to the view that Jews are collectively greedy and evil. The hatred doesn’t end with Judaism. There have been â€Å"35 attacks on mosques — including vandalism, break-ins and death threats† that have occurred in just the first few months of Trump’s presidency (Goldberg). People are verbally and physically attacking Muslims based on misunderstanding their religious belie fs. The most prominent issue today is demonstrated by President Trump’s travel ban. The ban attempts to block access to America from Muslim-dominated countries despite the fact that â€Å"no citizen from the barred countries has carried out a fatal terrorist attack in the USA† (Board). Many Americans wish to deny Muslims access to America based on the stereotype that all Muslims are radical terrorists. When people today have negative perceptions of religious groups other than their own, these perceptions create a divided America. Religious stereotyping and prejudice aren’t just limited to adults; teens are joining in as well. For instance,Show MoreRelatedEffects Of Stereotyping In Schools1122 Words   |  5 Pages Stereotyping in High Schools Stereotyping is alive and well in today’s society. â€Å"Stereotyping is a form of prejudice that forms damaging images of an individual, by classifying him or her according to a particular characteristic that is found among the group of people that the individual is associated with†(Malika). Everyone gets stereotyped no matter their gender, color, religion, political view, or how you act. Stereotyping is labeling someone because of who they are or what they do. StereotypingRead MoreNcfe Equality Diversity Level 2 Unit 1 Essay2346 Words   |  10 Pagesrange of opportunities and experiences. †¢ Enhances the local community Diverse qualities that are combined can create a new culture or society leading to a much more unified community, for example it can help to change previously held prejudice or discriminatory views. †¢ Enhances this country. A much richer society is born of diversity and with it comes a much more varied range of experiences and backgrounds that enhance the country as a whole 5. Describe what it means toRead MoreWhy Are Stereotypes Dangerous and What Can Be Done to Reduce Them?3092 Words   |  13 Pagesstereotypes can be very dangerous, and can lead to prejudice, discrimination, persecution and even genocide.[3] This is the point when, apparently â€Å"hurtles† remarks and conclusions about other people, based on their appearance, way of speaking, job or nationality, become very serious. 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We can think simplistically at first by defining differences maybe in age, gender and physical appearance; but of course there is so much more. Diversity can also cover the choice of clothes, religious beliefs and ways of carrying these out, sexual preferences, hobbies and interests, political affiliations, mental and physical disabilities, attitudes, social and economic statuses along with the barriers that those present, language and ethnicityRead MorePhysical Signs That Show There Is Diversity Within Your Community4483 Words   |  18 Pagesinterests young people early teens seem to favour socialising that could be on the internet or the local pub were as older people may go to bingo most interest seem to be social media in the young and older people like myself like fishing horse riding most people of both ages young and old have a Christian beliefs but this is only in my local area life styles are from a working class area of my town Blackpool as a very high unemployment rate most of which effects the young people 16-25 yearRead MoreETH305V Assign 2 15 June 444961334126 Words   |  17 PagesETH305V Assign2 †“ 15 June -44496133 Page 1 ETH305V Assignment 02 Compulsory Closing Date: 15 June TUTORIAL COMMENT ASSIGNMENT SECTION A: Question 1: Theoretical background a) Describe the following concepts and give examples: i) Prejudice (3) Prejudice is a pre-held negative opinion, perception, or judgment a person holds or expresses against something or someone, without justification or analyzing facts. For example, when one meets a Muslim person, or sees someone dressed as a Muslim on a flightRead MoreThe Media Of Teen Drug Abuse2396 Words   |  10 PagesWhat causes the negative stigma among African American teenagers in the media regarding teen drug abuse, and does this stereotype hold any ground? We chose to research this topic because of the common stigma that the media portrays on every day African American teens, and we wanted to know how this effects their everyday lives, like how they are treated because of this stigma. Further research in this area could be a step forward into eliminating every day stereotypes and helping take another stepRead More Gender Dichotomies on MTV Essay4969 Words   |  20 PagesViacom, MTV’s parent company, claims to reach 320 million households in 90 countries on 5 continents for 24 hours a day (Mundy 240). Such a large spanning audience has many worried about the great world influence the network has. One such questionable effect of MTV is the power the network to perpetuate the stereotypes depicting women as purely sexual beings, not respectable individuals. This is a difficult controversy to discern because it is only the latest skirmish in a never ending culture war betweenRead MoreEssay Witchcraft Portrayed in Films6180 Words   |  25 Pagesthe occult and associating with the Devil. The people involved were not necessarily interested in occult arts in any way, simply being different from the mainstream was enough to arouse suspicion. Quakers and Jews were treated with similar religious prejudice as suspected witches; they faced excommunication from church and rejection in the community in Colonial America. Regardless of all the abuse Witchcraft took over the last several centuries, it refused to be subdued. With the coming of the

Industrialization after the Civil War - 1164 Words

Industrialization after the Civil War Industrialization during the 1860’s through the 1900’s caused many problems globally. Industrialization changed a lot in the US for Americans because it made it easier for citizens to do labor work, expanded capital for businesses and opened up many job opportunities for people. Although this was beneficial to the Americans it caused other problems to escalate, and caused many people to flee into the cities, as well as caused a differentiation between the rich and the poor. However, after the civil war, industrialization affected the US politically, economically and environmentally way more than them benefitting from it. The negative effect brought political controversy and resulting in riots, poor working conditions, child labor, greed for the rich and immigrants also wanting to work and the positive effect were improving and developing the south. Although, that was beneficial for the people as industries, such as railroads and steel started to culminate throughout the North, there were a greater need for workers (Lyson/Welsh 2005). Not only did Blacks come from the South for jobs but immigrants started to flood the United States from other countries. Because the population grew rapidly in the North, the factories were also over crowded with people including children. Meanwhile, as the factories grew the factory owners cared less about the concerns of their people or their cities welfare. 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History Professor Anthony McCormack November 9, 2014 Industrialization after the Civil War When the Civil War was declared over, the United States became a better nation because of the Constitutional Amendments that were passed outlawing slavery and giving the government as well as the state the ability to serve and protect everyone. This paper will also show major aspects ofRead MoreIntroduction Of Industrial Revolution And The War Of 18121577 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrial Revolution first began in North America. This location was very important for the sparking of the revolution because the railroad , which was one of the causes of industrialization, was built here. The Historical Catalysts of Industrial Revolution: †¢ The Embargo Act and the War of 1812: In the early 1800s, the Napoleonic Wars between Britain and France challenged the neutrality of the United States. Britain and France created trade restrictions which was not only peaking others’ economies but

Speech Sound Disorder

Question: Identify what communication strategies you have used to support clients with a communication impairment and then evaluate what worked and didnt work whilst doing so? Evaluate how you overcame two factors (impairments, language barriers, environment etc.) that influenced your one to one and group communication activities on your work experience; and explain why you were successful or unsuccessful in working with these clients? Answer: Introduction A communication disorder is any disorder that may affect ones ability to communicate with other people. Communication disorder can be of many types like from simple sound or when cannot understand or use his native language. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) was published by American Psychiatric Association (APA) which offers a common language and mentions all the different types of mental disorders. It is used all over the world by researchers, health insurance companies, pharmaceutical companies, psychiatric drug regulations agencies etc. In this Project we are going to write down some strategies for people who have hearing problem and see how it worked for them. Speech Sound Disorder Speech sound disorder is when one has difficulties in speech sounds. It is either not produced, not produced correctly when saying, or is not used correctly (Knapp Daly). There are four different types of categories: Addition Distortion Omission Substitutions One To One Communication One to one communication is basically the act of an individual to communicate with another. Effective one to one communication is a skill that can be learned and its corrective application of a systematic approach to manage the encounter with the client. This type of communication also comes with a lot of barriers that include non-verbal communication, medical terminology, language, the context, language and the advice provided. On my business visit to a client to strike a deal, I faced the problem of inaccuracy in the language being spoken by my client. Its important to have clarity in words in the business world so as to remove any sort of discrepancies later on. I learnt that my client had been facing an articulation disorder since his childhood. Articulation disorder (also called phonetic disorder) is based on the difficulty in learning how to physically produce the intended phonemes. Articulation disorder compiled with phonemic disorder (also called phonological disorder) may coexist in a person. The client could not pronounce the words accurately and hence the meeting got prolonged. However with the help of a technology and the clients assistant, it became easy to catch what the client wished to communicate. Though the meeting got a bit late, but the technology helped us to understand each other and we could solve the problem and discuss what was important. In case the technology wasnt present that the clients assistant showed us, it would have been near impossible that my client could have gone forward with the project (Wiemann Harrison). Articulation and phonemic disorders need to be treated effectively in the earlier stages of childhood. However sometimes the disorders persists are for lifetime. Group Communication Group communication is when many different people sit in particular room to discuss something. A room full of people who were affected by different types of speech sound disorder was brought together. The age varied from 7 years to 30 years. The total number of people in the room was 10 who all suffered from two different kinds of disorder- Articulation disorder and Phonemic disorder. 5 people were facing Articulation disorder that is when has difficulty learning or to produce the intended word. The main articulators are lips, teeth, hard plate, and alveolar ridge. If any disorder is found in these articulators then that person is facing from Articulation disorder. 5 people were facing Phonemic disorder that is when a person is having problem to learn the sound system of the language. For example sounds P and L may not be recognized as different sounds. If one is facing such a problem then he has phonemic disorder. When everyone started talking in the room, it was chaos because no one could understand each other. To overcome these two disorders we placed a small mic inside the mouth of each candidate. Then we used an App which helped us overcome the problem of speech sound disorder. The difficulties that were facing were communicating with different people fluently. They felt shy while talking to other people because of low confidence. With the help of the mic and the app the problem was solved. They were now confident to speak whatever they wanted to and could speak fluently. The mic could be permanently fitted in the persons mouth. This helped them to overcome a childhood problem which didnt have a cure for a very long time. Everybody was communication with each other in the group with ease. People were very confident and the results were great. Everyone was talking their minds out and they seemed really happy as they felt they got their voices back. People wanted to keep that technology and found new ways to communicate with each other. This helped them solve the problem and the business went ahead successfully (Wiemann Harrison). Knapp Relationship model The relationship explains how all the existing relationships grow and then also how it ends. The category usually has 10 different stages and shows how the activity works. Knapp, M, J Daly,The Sage handbook of interpersonal communication. in , Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE Publications, 2011. Wiemann, J, R Harrison,Nonverbal interaction. in , Beverly Hills, Sage Publications, 1983. Wiemann, J, R Harrison,Nonverbal interaction. in , Beverly Hills, Sage Publications, 1983. The picture above explains in steps how relationships get built up and how they slowly get terminated. The model; basically helps us to understand how relationships progress and how it decorates. Coming together could be explained in 5 parts (Dillon): Initiation This is the first stage and its all about how to people interact and how one makes impression in front of other. The judging would be perfect as this is the first time. Experimentation This is the second stage where people interact and get to know each other. They explore each other and find out about them. This provides the with common interest or others likes and dislikes and how the person actually is. This is an important stage. Intensifying This stage is all about how the two people now interact. They are no longer just acquaintances and are less formal with each other. They act like good friends and the relationship starts to intensify. Integration In this stage, people usually start giving other too much importance, they may fall in love or become best friends in real life and their relationship is very close. Bonding This stage is all about how people tell others about their relationship, they are not worried or afraid and are proud to have that particular relationship. Termination theory could be explained as follows: Differentiating This is the first stage where people usually due to external pressure start behaving differently or may indulge in other activities. The everlasting bond that they had might get broken and things might start taking another turn. Circumscribing This is the next step where people usually dont interact as much as they used. They would set boundaries and limits and not communicate for too long. Stagnation This stage the relationship almost comes to an end. They dont stag in a bit of contact because of situations in the past or their bond they used to have. The interaction would be limited. Avoidance As the name suggests, in this step people usually avoid each other and dont have any physical contact with them. They would try and speak and less as possible. Terminating this is the last stage where the relationship usually comes to an end. The people engaged will chose another path and live their life differently as they wish to. It all changes. Conclusion By doing this project we learnt the different of disorders faced by people around the world. These disorders have caused problems is some way or the other. The speech sound disorder is a childhood disorder faced by many. In this project we showed how to overcome problem of speech and sound barrier by the use of new technology. The technology has advanced so much that now it come overcome mostly all the different types of disorders. References Bradford, L, W Hardy,Hearing and hearing impairment. in , New York, Grune Stratton, 1979. Dillon, H,Hearing aids. in , New York, Thieme, 2001. Knapp, M, J Daly,The Sage handbook of interpersonal communication. in , Thousand Oaks, Calif., SAGE Publications, 2011. Naff, C,Deafness and hearing impairment. in , Farmington Hills, MI, Greenhaven Press, 2010. Ruben, R, T Van de Water, K Steel,Genetics of hearing impairment. in , New York, N.Y., New York Academy of Sciences, 1991. Suss, E,When the hearing gets hard. in , New York, Insight Books, 1993. Wiemann, J, R Harrison,Nonverbal interaction. in , Beverly Hills, Sage Publications, 1983. Dillon, H,Hearing aids. in , New York, Thieme, 2001. Bradford, L, W Hardy,Hearing and hearing impairment. in , New York, Grune Stratton, 1979. Suss, E,When the hearing gets hard. in , New York, Insight Books, 1993.

Raymond Williams and Marshall McLuhans views regarding the relationship between media technology and culture Essay Example

Raymond Williams and Marshall McLuhans views regarding the relationship between media technology and culture Essay Marshall McLuhan and Raymond Williams have made key contributions to our understanding of media and its relationship to society and culture. McLuhan, in particular, has been an influential thinker on the subject and his ideas continue to be debated to this day. McLuhan’s work laid emphasis on how media is not an exclusive domain, but a space for the intermingling of politics, commerce and culture. One of the founding fathers of the field of media ecology, McLuhan introduced his core ideas in the 1950s and 60s. This was a period of rapid growth in telecommunication technology. The project McLuhan undertook is no less than to explain how â€Å"the nuances and great sweeps of human history are made possible by media of communication–how media determine the thoughts and actions of people and society.† (Strate, 2004) Raymond Williams’ career as a media analyst succeeded that of McLuhan. Consequently, he was able to see the flaws in several of McLuhanâ€⠄¢s theories and rectify them to a large extent. Where Williams differed from his predecessor was on his ability to place media in the larger socio-cultural and economic dimensions rather than merely the technological dimension. This essay will argue that while McLuhan laid out many fundamental concepts governing media studies, it is Williams who offers a more robust and veritable framework of understanding for studying media. Their arguments are weighed in the cases of digital media such as the television and the Internet. And finally, where either scholar’s concepts fall short, the Propaganda Model proposed by Noam Chomsky and Edward Herman is referred to present a more comprehensive understanding of media and its functionality. One of McLuhan’s interesting ideas is that media is much more than the communications technology. It includes all â€Å"human inventions and innovations†. In this view, the constituent components of mass media includes â€Å"the spoken word, roads, numbers, clothing, housing, money, clocks, the automobile, games, and weapons, in addition to the major mass media and communication technologies.† (Driedger Redekop, 1998) Hence, media is effectively an extension of human beings and their perceptory faculties and capabilities. While there is efficiency and expedition in the dissemination of information in this setup, the concerns are the attendant negative consequences. For example, an outcome of this pervasive media space is the numbing of our critical faculties under the overload of information processing. In this cultural order where ‘the medium is the message’, there is danger in media technology’s role in â€Å"how and what we communicat e, how we think, feel, and use our senses, and in our social organization, way of life, and world view.† (Driedger Redekop, 1998) I concur with McLuhan’s apprehensive about the power of media technology in determining and dictating culture. McLuhan further argued that We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Williams and Marshall McLuhans views regarding the relationship between media technology and culture specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Williams and Marshall McLuhans views regarding the relationship between media technology and culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Raymond Williams and Marshall McLuhans views regarding the relationship between media technology and culture specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer â€Å"the sensory organization, and the relationship between sensory organization and the nature of thought were shaped by a person’s direct experience with a medium. He saw television as a high-involvement medium, which leads viewers to crave the same level of involvement in all of their experiences. This was based on his designation of television as a â€Å"cool† medium, drawing on the distinction between â€Å"hot† jazz which was highly structured, and â€Å"cool† jazz, which was more unstructured, generating more listener involvement.† (Driedger Redekop, 1998) It is fair to claim that this theory is now proven to be inaccurate, for television actually only requires passive consumption as opposed to active engagement. Indeed, television has thus acquired the derogatory terms ‘idiot box’ and ‘the tube’. This is one of several instances where McLuhan’s grasp of the nature of a medium was off the mark. But some of his other theories pertaining to media’s influence on culture generally hold true. He first articulated his theories on media in his debut work The Mechanical Bride: Folklore of Industrial Man. First published in 1951, this book focussed on media content as opposed to his later ruminations on the nature of media and the enabling technology. McLuhan identifies ways in which â€Å"popular culture reflects and promotes the attitudes, beliefs, and values of technological society†. (Strate, 2004) In this milieu, human beings are conditioned in certain ways that promote the technocratic so cial order. McLuhan refers to the ‘technological man’, who is a super specialist in his professional field, but is limited in his ability to critically engaging with the system he is a part of. While McLuhan doesn’t fully articulate the repercussions of this limitation, Raymond Williams’ fulfils this scholarly void. He elaborates that the ‘technological woman’ is mass produced as in an assembly line. She is a product of consumption of commodities such as soaps, cosmetics, household appliances, etc. With greater mechanization, some of her traditional roles are shifted to an automatic machine like, say, a washing machine. The vast sweep and penetration of mass media is such that children are especially hostage to its effects. Whereby, technological children grow up feeding on baby formula instead of mother’s breast milk. The resultant unfulfilled neo-natal urge leads them to carry an oral fixation in later life. This manifests in t he form of addictions to cigarettes and alcohol – even Coca-Cola is a source of satiating this fixation. But beyond these physical entrapments that keep them entrenched in the consumerist cycle, the more significant effects are on the faculties of mind. Even McLuhan concurs with Williams on the above point, as he notes: what passes for education is usually technical training that â€Å"will allow them to fit into the machine-like organizations of corporate America. Even in death, we are ruled by technology through the sale of coffins that are weather-resistant.† (Strate, 2004) Through these insights McLuhan introduced the concept of ‘technique’ or ‘technopoly’ that is the dominant method of indoctrination of human beings in modern technological societies. McLuhan and Williams were thus able to foresee the unsavoury and detrimental effects – so far as general human progress is concerned – of the confluence of media technology and consumerism on culture. Of the two, it is Williams who disapproved of these tendencies more vehemently and lamented the abuse of media. He expressed disappointment over the fact that the enabling and emancipating potential of technological media is usurped by business and political interests for perpetuating their own narrow goals. Through the mere fact of exposing this reality, Williams is pitching for critical thinking and corrective remedial action on part of civil society. One of Raymond Williams’ key ideas is how culture â€Å"is a whole way of life, and everyone adopts a certain way of life or wants to have a changed way of life†. (Murray, Roscoe, Morris, Lumby, al-, 2002) This aspiration takes a whole set of connotations in the era of globalization. Under this global economic paradigm, the primary concern is how local or indigenous culture would be impacted by â€Å"the global flows of capital, information, ideology, values, and technology.† (Fengzhen Xie, 2003) Consequently, Williams identifies a general anxiety permeating all cultural discourse. There are fears that globalization might challenge and eventually quell several historically developed local linguistic, ethnic or national cultures. Several social critics, including Williams, have pondered if globalization is synonymous with â€Å"unification or Americanization of the world culture†. (Fengzhen Xie, 2003) Others insist that â€Å"globalization is not nec essarily the story of cultural homogenization or Americanization; instead it encourages and creates cultural diversity and protean difference.† (Fengzhen Xie, 2003) It is important to remember that the process of globalization happened on the back of an equally rapid growth in telecommunication technology. Hence, Williams’ observations on globalization are fully applicable to its iconic technological symbol – the Internet. In the debate surrounding Internet’s effect on indigenous cultures, a third position has emerged â€Å"that attempts to reconcile the global and the local–it argues that globalization is a two-fold process which brings the universalization of particularism and the particularization of universalism at the same time.† (Fengzhen Xie, 2003) Bringing in the viewpoint of Chomsky-Herman to this debate, it is fairly clear that their view of globalization and attendant media consolidation is negative. Chomsky, for example, has ci ted the failure of NAFTA to create prosperity for a majority of Mexicans, thereby exposing its rhetoric as propaganda of half-truths. Coming back to McLuhan, in his later work, ‘The Gutenberg Galaxy: The Making of Typographic Man’, he performs media analysis at the level of ‘system’ or ‘ecology’. Of the various observations and insights offered in the book, many pertain to the role of media (mainly the television) to the formation of culture. He identifies oral communication at the level of tribes as the earliest media developed by human civilization. The invention of the printing press at the beginning of the modern age thus brought a radical shift to the manufacture and assimilation of culture. There is even the contention that it was print technology which precipitated the beginning of the modern age, breaking away from the feudalistic and culturally stagnant medieval times. In this view, the invention of the alphabet is a watershed event in the evolution of human culture. According to McLuhan, the electronic culture (standing for both television and the Internet) is the ‘fourth culture’ which is ‘paradise regained’. Developing from â€Å"the invention of telegraphy to television and the computer, this culture promises to short-circuit that of mechanical print and we regain the conditions of an oral culture in acoustic space. We return to a state of sensory grace; to a culture marked by qualities of simultaneity, indivisibility and sensory plenitude. The haptic or tactile senses again come into play, and McLuhan strives hard to show how television is a tactile medium.† (New Media, p.81) Undertaking the study of the evolution of media in the last five centuries, McLuhan considers the dominant contemporary media forms in great detail and depth. It is in the context of modern electronic media and the conditions of globalization that the term ‘global village’ is introduced. One of McLuhan’s most enduring quotations in this regard is how â€Å"the new electronic interdependence recreates the world in the image of a global village†. (Murray, Roscoe, Morris, Lumby, al-, 2002) There is truth to this view as the stupendous success of Hollywood and other American cultural products across the world prove. But McLuhan’s articulation is incomplete as it does not mention the commercial backbone of the electronic/digital culture. For example, in studying the film industry one can see how there is an â€Å"intersection of political economy and cultural studies†. (Druick, 2004) In the current set up where local cultural sensibilities are challenged by Hollywood, Raymond Williams’ argument rings true. He noted that